Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles released by cells to communicate with other cells. They carry proteins, RNA, and growth factors that can influence tissue regeneration, inflammation, and healing.
In aesthetic medicine, exosomes are harvested from various sources—but not all are created equal. Understanding their origin is critical to making informed choices about what to use in practice.
1. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)
Many exosomes used in regenerative skincare and injectable protocols are derived from mesenchymal stem cells (often from adipose, bone marrow, or umbilical cord tissue). These exosomes are prized for their anti-inflammatory and pro-healing properties.
They are typically cultured in a lab, and exosomes are isolated from the media in which these cells grow. However, human-derived exosomes are currently illegal in the UK.
2. Placental or Amniotic Sources
Some products use exosomes derived from placental or amniotic tissues collected after live birth. These are rich in regenerative factors and widely used in wound healing research.
However, their use is controversial and tightly regulated in many countries due to the human tissue origin.
3. Plant-Derived Exosomes
A newer generation of products use plant-based exosome-like vesicles (e.g. from green tea, aloe, or ginseng). These are non-cellular and vegan-friendly, and their regenerative effects in humans are being explored with promising results.
Importantly, they are also safer from a regulatory standpoint.
4. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) or Autologous Sources
Some clinicians extract exosome-rich vesicles directly from the patient's own PRP or blood components. This autologous approach may carry fewer ethical concerns and is generally better tolerated—but it lacks the commercial standardisation of off-the-shelf products.
Why Source Matters
The origin of exosomes affects not just efficacy, but also regulatory status, safety, and ethical considerations. Clinicians should always ask suppliers:
- Where are these exosomes derived from?
- Are they live-cell, cell-free, or processed post-cell culture?
- What testing is performed for sterility, content, and consistency?
Final Thoughts
Exosomes are a promising tool in regenerative aesthetics, but their use requires critical evaluation. As more products enter the market, clinicians must stay informed about source transparency, safety data, and evolving best practices.
Choosing exosomes isn’t just about results—it’s about responsibility.